Types of sponges
Sponges
They
are primitive organisms with a simple structure and often live in marine areas.
They
are divided into 3 main types: Glass, common, and calcareous sponges.
Sponges
have a set of characteristics, including their size and shapes similar to
forked trees, as well as their colors.
Their
internal structure consists of 3 layers.
sponges
in the ocean
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| Types of sponges |
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Where sponges live:
Sponges live all over the world, and
have the ability to grow and adapt in most environments.
Most
sponges, which constitute 99% of the total species, live in marine habitats,
but sponges consisting of sponge fibers have been able to live in fresh water,
and can stick to Surfaces on the ocean floor up to a depth of up to 8 km.
It is noteworthy that sponges of all
kinds are usually found in abundance in tropical regions, due to the warmth of
the water there.
They
often prefer to live in pure water and avoid turbid water, which may cause
their pores to become clogged, and thus make it difficult for them to obtain
food and oxygen.
sponges
How sponges breathe:
Sponges breathe through the process
of exchanging gases through the simple diffusion property through cellular
membranes, by moving gases from a higher concentration to a lower
concentration, so that carbon dioxide gas moves in one direction, while oxygen
moves in the other direction.
sponges
Types of sponges:
There are many types of sponges,
reaching 5,000 species within aquatic environments, in tidal areas or in the
depths, but there are 3 main types that include different general sponges based
on the characteristics that distinguish them.
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These types are:
Glass sponges.
Glass
sponges are defined as one of the marine animals that are found in Deep oceans,
their tissues contain particles very similar to glass.
These
animals produce large networks of silica؛ They
merge together into complex and beautiful patterns, the most famous of which is
the Venus basket.
These
sponges are distinguished by maintaining their shape even after the death of
the sponge.
Glass
sponges feed on bacteria and small marine plankton, and their skeleton provides
them with adequate protection from marine predators.
It is
worth noting that some types of echinoderms, especially marine stars, feed on
this type of sponges.
sponges
belong to the phylum
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Properties of glass sponges:
Glass sponges have characteristics
that distinguish them from other species>
The most important of these
characteristics are the following:
Glass sponges lack a leather
covering, and are made up of silica spines.
It is characterized by its pale color
and large size.
It is
formed in the form of cups or baskets, and forms houses for some types of
shrimp.
It consists of a network of fused
spines as if they were spun tissue.
They
are found at great depths compared to other species.
Up to
8500 m deep in the sea.
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Common sponges Common sponges are defined as :
It is one of the widespread aquatic
animals found in the oceans.
It
has a solid skeleton consisting of spines, which are among the most complex
types of sponges in terms of shape.
Common
sponges within the animal kingdom are classified as sponges, and they
constitute 90% of living sponges on the face of the Earth.
It is
worth noting that this type of sponge is a food source for many marine animals
such as turtles and fish.
Common sponges consist of silicon or
fibers, or they may combine them.
Their
sizes vary, their shapes vary, and they are distinguished by their bright
colors.
Bath
sponges are one of the common types of water sponges.
It
should be noted that some types of common sponges have the ability to drill
into limestone rocks and shells, and they are also found Within tunnels that
they form for life.
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Characteristics of common sponges:
Common sponges are characterized by several characteristics, the most
important of which are:
Common sponges have a solid skeleton
composed of silicon, calcareous spiny, siliceous, protein fibers, or a
combination of these elements, and have a smooth texture.
Common sponges lack radiant symmetry (opposite similar ends) and large cavities, while many globular chambers separated by filamentous cells lack organization as they appear in irregular shapes and bright colors with some shades of orange, purple, red, and green.
Limestone sponges:
Limestone or limestone sponges are
defined as exclusively aquatic animals found within shallow aquatic areas,
which consist mainly of calcium carbonate.
Their
skeleton consists of a number of spines, and some of their species have a basal
structure of supporting spines, which are distinguished by their filamentous
cavities and hexagonal or octagonal symmetry.
It
should be noted that limestone sponges are one of the rare species in the
modern era.
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Characteristics of lime sponges :
Limestone
sponges are characterized by several characteristics, the most important of
which are:
Limestone sponges have a rough body,
due to the protrusion of spiny sponges through their dermal cover.
Limestone
sponges have a dull appearance, although they are numerous in color.
Limestone
sponges are simple in composition compared to other species.
Limestone
sponges include approximately 150 known species exclusively in shallow waters.
Limestone
sponges have a small size compared to other species, and rarely exceed 15 cm in
size.
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