What are the main features all dinosaurs share?

 

What are the main features all dinosaurs share

Characteristics of dinosaurs

 Scientists have found many dinosaur remains that indicate many of their precise characteristics, including:

  Bones.  Teeth.  Footprints.  Engraved corridors.

  Shells.  Eggs.  Leather prints.

?What are the main features all dinosaurs share

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The most important characteristics of dinosaurs can be explained as

 follows:

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dinosaur decir 

 Natural environment :

 Dinosaurs lived in various natural environments in ancient times, and were distributed in dry deserts, plains, wetlands, swamp forests, and tropical forests, which were part of the ancient distribution of the world’s continents, 

Most fossils are concentrated in terrestrial places far from erosion, erosion, and erosion, as evidenced by both their footprints and preserved remains.

  Nutrition:

  Dinosaurs are divided according to their method of feeding into two types according to the food sources available in the time period in which they lived.

These types are:

carnivores.

Some types of dinosaurs relied on meat as their main food source.

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  And from that:

  Lizards.  Turtles.  Early mammals.  Meat of dead animals.

  The sharp teeth of carnivorous dinosaurs helped tear meat and even break up bones, but some dinosaurs did not have any teeth, and this is considered very strange, as some of them were carnivores as well, But her very hard gums were a contributing factor in eating meat and insects, and it is believed that her stomach was able to digest even if it did not help the gums.

  Plant eaters :

 Some dinosaurs adapted to plant foods, and edible plants available during ancient times include the following:

 Conifers.  Ferns.  Algae.  Fruits of available species.

A large difference can be observed between the sizes and lengths of both carnivorous and plant-eating dinosaurs, as the weight of carnivores ranges between 7-8 tons, and their length can reach 13.7 meters, 

While plant-eaters weigh up to 100 tons, and can reach 33.5 meters in length, plant dinosaurs are the largest, and are significantly larger.

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  Group behavior:

  Dinosaurs, like many animals currently known, are socially related to each other, and this behavior is derived from fossil evidence that documented a number of species and ages with common activities gathered in specific places, 

In addition, footprints were found confirming that dinosaurs walked in groups in one direction towards a collective goal as a herd.

  The collective migration behavior of dinosaurs, indicated by the many paths discovered, can be explained by their need to constantly change the region in search of food.

The huge weights of dinosaurs require large amounts of food،  Which means that it has a significant impact on vegetation cover, especially if it is of the herbivorous type.

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  Growth and lifespan :

 Scientists believe that the lifespan of a dinosaur must be long, and it can be estimated at hundreds of years, due to its large size, which requires long periods of time to grow, especially since reptiles usually grow slowly, 

Another group of scientists also believed that dinosaurs were not like that, but rather their growth was as rapid as mammals and birds.

  Scientists have discovered a method through which the age of a dinosaur can be predicted, similar to the method of estimating the age of trees.

If bones grow to form clear rings as they age, these rings can be called growth lines،  These rings can also be clearly seen when a direct light source is shed, and after counting these rings, it is possible to guess the age of the dinosaur when it died.

  Reproduction :

 Dinosaurs, like other reptiles, reproduce by laying eggs, and many of their eggs were found in the discovered fossils, and fossilized embryos were found inside each other, and dinosaur eggs are generally distinguished by their large size, 

Its thick shell ensures the necessary support, and the method of reproduction with eggs is the only known way for dinosaurs of all kinds to reproduce.

  Body temperature:

  It is not possible to confirm the body temperature of a dinosaur as an extinct organism, and it is not possible to determine how to regulate its temperature.

This issue has also sparked widespread controversy among scientists،  The possibility of providing a direct assessment of this topic is impossible, but it can be evaluated indirectly by studying the biological activities of dinosaurs in general, such as breathing and digestion, for example. Dinosaur classifications Dinosaurs were classified by the scientist Seeley mainly based on hip composition, and this classification is still in effect to this day.

Below are the most important classifications of dinosaurs:

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  Lizard hip dinosaurs :

 The name lizard hip dinosaurs is given to dinosaurs that have 4 legs and unequal fingers.

They also have the ability to hold objects with their hands, and their neck is long

 This type of hip consists of 3 basic elements

  Iliac (hip head bones).  Ischium (bones below the hip).  Pubic.

  Lizard hip dinosaurs are divided into the following:

  Large plant eaters:

  Examples include Diplodocus and Apatosaurus. 

Carnivores, examples of which include the elegant-jawed dinosaur and Tyrannosaurus.

 Ornithischians :

 Ornithischians are also known as hip dinosaurs, and the reason they are called ornithischians is due to their similarity to birds in structure, even though birds evolved from lizard hip dinosaurs, However, the similarity of ornithischians to birds was in the location of the pubis parallel to its spine. 

  Many differences have been found between ornithischians and lizard hip dinosaurs along with a noticeable difference in hip shape

 Among these differences are the following:

  Skull shape.  Jaw and teeth.  Parties.  Ornithischian dinosaurs are generally divided into 3 types

 These types are:

  Triceratops dinosaur.  Plant-eating dinosaur (stegosaurus).  Duck-billed dinosaur (hydrosaurids).

 Armored dinosaurs The sizes of armored dinosaurs vary.

Armored plates grow from the skin of the back, or back and tail, which can be likened to thorns.

These dinosaurs have strong claws.[15] Armored dinosaurs are generally divided into two main parts:  Stegosaurs, ankylosaurs.

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 Stages and theories of the extinction of dinosaurs :

 Many theories have explained the extinction of dinosaurs, some of which indicated the possibility of extinction occurring gradually, while others indicated that the matter was the result of a sudden change, and among other theories are: 

Changes in dinosaurs: During the Mesozoic Era, animals, including dinosaurs, were subjected to many changes.

This included the development of some species and the replacement of others, which is known as extinction, which is natural and global, Dinosaurs were subject to constant 

 renewal and could be identified by the diversity of fossils dating back to different points in time.

  Extinction sometimes occurs collectively, and can also occur as qualitative losses over geological time.

This supports the idea of the gradual extinction of dinosaurs, as species that were unable to adapt to natural environmental changes became extinct, This extinction requires an extended period of time for the environmental climate to change, for example from warm, humid to cold, dry.

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  Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction:

  The period between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods is considered a turning point in the history of life, as this pivotal stage witnessed many extinctions of land and sea animals, including the extinction of dinosaurs, This period also witnessed low biological and quantitative diversity, and the reason for these changes is still mysterious until now. 

Among the proposed reasons for this to happen are the following:

  The disease.  Infertility.  Extreme heat waves.  Extreme cold waves.  X-rays resulting from a big explosion. 

The emergence of mammal species that feed on eggs.

 Meteor Theory Some scientists definitively explain the extinction of dinosaurs through the theory of the asteroid that collided with Earth approximately 66 million years ago 

They supported their opinion by finding asteroid dust at the crater of a volcano dating back to the time of the extinction of the dinosaurs.

It is believed that this asteroid caused the destruction of 75% of living organisms on Earth, It is also said that impact dust affected the atmosphere for a period not exceeding two decades.

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    Meteorite theory supports the view that the extinction of dinosaurs was sudden, as a disaster such as the fall of a meteorite or asteroid could cause radical changes to the surface of the Earth, including the extinction of dinosaurs 

The collision led to the emergence of dense dust that blocked the sun's rays from reaching the Earth, causing complete darkness at that time.

 

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