The flying Australian emu
Australian emu :
It is
a large bird belonging to the jogging family.
It is
one of the wonderful creatures that live in the wild world and is characterized
by unique characteristics that make it worthy of attention and discovery،
It is
a huge bird that lives in remote places in South Australia and is allowed by
vast areas of wild land.
The
emu is distinguished by its towering stature and the length of its neck and
legs, making it one of the largest birds on Earth،
It is characterized by its hard skin, which protects it from harsh weather conditions and is useful for transportation in dry environments.
One of the distinctive features of
the emu is its great speed, as it can run at speeds of up to 50 kilometers per
hour, and it also has a wonderful ability to jump and rise،
This
enables them to escape from predators quickly and efficiently.
These
birds live in groups or "swarms," and are of great environmental
importance in the environments in which they live. It has unique capabilities in performing its
role in the
environment
and maintaining environmental balance.
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| The flying Australian emu |
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Emu appearance:
The adult emu has a cover of shaggy,
gray-brown feathers, except for the heads and neck, which are mostly bare and
bluish-black in color.
The
color of the feathers varies due to environmental factors،
This gives the bird natural camouflage, and in drier areas with red soil, emu feathers are red in color while birds that live in humid conditions are generally darker in color.
Juvenile
plumage develops at about three months and is black and brown in color.
The
head and neck are particularly dark.
The
facial feathers gradually become thin to reveal bluish skin.
They
have long, strong legs،
There
are three forward-facing toes on each foot, but no back toe.
When walking, the emu makes steps of
about 100 cm (3.3 ft), but when fully run, the step can reach 275 cm (9 ft) in
length،
It
has sharp claws on its toes, which is its main defensive feature.
It is
used in combat to inflict wounds on opponents by kicking.
Imus
have good eyesight and hearing,
This
allows it to detect threats at a certain distance.
Emus eyes are protected by
transparent secondary eyelids that move horizontally from the inner edge of the
eye to the outer edge.
They
act as masks to protect the eye from dust spreading in arid, stormy areas,
The
emu also has a tracheal sac, which becomes more prominent during the mating
season, is more than 30 cm (12 in) long, and is very wide,
It
has a thin wall and an opening 8 cm (3 in) long.
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Physical characteristics of the emu:
The emu belongs to a group of
flightless birds called ratis.
They
have shaggy, gray-brown plumage, which is less water resistant than other birds،
The
head and neck are sparsely covered with black feathers with blue-white skin
underneath.
The
chicks are creamy and brown striped that acts as camouflage.
These large birds can reach 6 feet in
length and weigh 80-120 pounds; Females are larger and heavier than males, have
large dinosaur-like legs and feet, three sharp fingers and nails، Strong legs allow them to run long
distances and run at speeds of up to 30 mph.
They
have small vestigial wings about 7 inches long and have small claws at their
tip،
The
life span is 10-20 years in the wild, and up to 35 years in captivity.
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Emu habitat:
Emus are found throughout Australia, although
they are found in less density on the east coast and central desert habitats.
They
prefer savannah forests, grasslands and dry forest areas near stagnant water.
These birds search for food during
the day, and may travel long distances to find food.
As
carnivores, they feed on a variety of seeds, herbs, insects, fruits, and small
lizards،
They
also swallow stones, glass fragments, and metal pieces that help grind food in
the digestive tract, and at the zoo, they eat a tidy diet and produce, adopt,
and browse.
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Social behavior of the emu:
Emus are usually solitary birds, but
may sometimes form loosely affiliated groups in areas with large food supplies,
during the breeding season،
Males
and females form pairs and fiercely defend their territory, and this is also
the time of year when emu sounds are heard communicating the most,
They make loud noises and snore by blowing a bag down their throat, and emus are also heard hissing.
The
breeding season usually occurs from December to January.
Males
create nests on the ground using grasses, branches and leaves.
Females
lay a group of 5-15 greenish-blue eggs and then set off to find another male،
Females
are known to lay up to three clutches in one season.
Males
are left to incubate the eggs for 48-56 days and care for the chicks once they
hatch،
Chicks
leave the nest after only a few days and are able to feed themselves almost
immediately.
Males
take care of the chicks for up to 18 months،
Although
young emus complete their development at the age of 12-14 months.
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Nutrition and diet:
The emu eats fruits, seeds, plant
buds, insects, other small animals, and animal waste.
The
emu is carnivorous and eats seeds, flowers, fruits, and delicate roots.
During
the summer, it feeds on many insects،
Especially
larvae, beetles and grasshoppers, as well as small vertebrates.
In arid Australia, emus travel
hundreds of miles to find another source of food or water, must have daily
access to fresh water, and when food is plentiful،
Emus
store large amounts of fat, and are able to use it while searching for more
food.
Birds
may lose up to 50 percent of their weight while searching for food،
The
emu designs its movements to track recent rainfall, and appears to rely mainly
on seeing rain-bearing clouds, but sound signals from thunder and the smell of
wet ground may also be involved.
Emus eat parts of plants that contain
the most concentrated nutrients: seeds, fruits, flowers and young shoots.
They
also eat insects and small vertebrates when they are readily available.
They
will not eat dry grasses or mature leaves،
The emu swallows large pebbles weighing up to 1.6 ounces (45 grams) to help its gizzards grind food, and at the Smithsonian National Zoo, The emu is fed on pellets and sometimes green ones such as turnips and Romans.
Emu mating:
Mating pairs stay together for up to
five months, after which females lay large emerald green eggs in extensive
ground nests،
Males
incubate eggs for about seven weeks without drinking, feeding, defecating, or
leaving the nest.
Meanwhile,
females often move in, sometimes mating with a different male in the same
season، The chicks stay with their father for
about four months, so they can eat on their own.
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Nesting :
It occurs in winter, the male and
female stay together for about five months, which includes courtship, nest
building, and laying eggs، The nest consists of a platform of
grass on the ground about 10 cm thick and 1 to 2 meters in diameter، Large eggs (130 mm × 90 mm) are laid
at intervals ranging from two to four days.
They
are dark bluish-green when fresh, and become lighter with exposure to sunlight.
The
shells are thick،
With pale green and white layers under the dark outer layer.
The
male dominates during pair formation, but once incubation begins, the male
becomes aggressive towards other emus, including his mate.
The
female wanders away and leaves the male to do the entire incubation،
Sometimes
you will find another mate and reproduce again, and the male incubates the eggs
without drinking, feeding, defecating, or leaving the nest, during this time، Eggs often come out of the nest and
are pulled back by the male.
With my
best wishes
