Dinosaur world
Introduction to dinosaurs :
Dinosaurs are large, extinct
reptiles.Dinosaurs lived for approximately 180 million years on planet Earth,
and their appearance began during the Mesozoic Era, that is, approximately 245
million years ago، The
origin of the dinosaur being given this name goes back to the Greek language,
as the word (deinos) means something that is so huge that it causes terror,
while (sauros) is applied to lizards or re
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The name (Dinosauria) in 1842 AD included 3 reptiles that shared its size and were distinguished from other known reptiles.The number of types of dinosaurs currently called ranges between (800-1000) species، All information about it came through searching for its fossils spread across all continents of the world.It is also believed that the species known in the present constitute only a small percentage of the species that actually lived previously.
Types
of dinosaurs
Information
about dinosaurs
Dinosaur sizes:
The sizes of dinosaurs currently
discovered varied between small dogs and gigantic with the size of monsters.It
is believed that extinct dinosaurs are only non-flying dinosaurs, while other
dinosaurs remained and evolved into types of birds، Some fossils also indicate that some
dinosaurs actually had feathers.
Stages of discovering dinosaurs
:
The discovery of dinosaurs went
through many stages, and people's minds were completely empty of any idea about
these strange creatures before 1842 AD،
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The following are the stages of
discovery in detail:
At the beginning of the discoveries,
some people found bones and remains of dinosaurs before the stage of
discovering their true nature, but they did not realize at the time which
animals were returning، This
includes what happened in 1676 AD when Robert Plaut found and drew dinosaur
thigh bones, after he guessed that they belonged to huge elephants from the
Roman era، Dinosaur
bones were also found in New Jersey at the end of the 18th century.
What defines a dinosaur?ptiles in general.
Many dinosaur remains and traces
dating back to various times from the beginning of the nineteenth century were
also found, some of which have been preserved until now، But these discoveries never reached a
taxonomic level at that time.The motivation for the research was pure hobbies,
and no one was able to collect entire parts of the dinosaur، Rather, the discoveries were only
scattered parts.
This continued until Richard Owen
concluded in 1841 that these parts belonged to a distinctive type of large
reptile that did not resemble any of the reptiles known at the time, and he
considered them a separate type in itself، It was also first called dinosaurs in
1842 AD by the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Classification start stage :
The currently approved classification
of dinosaurs is based on the hip.This classification was proposed by scientist
Harry Shelley in 1888 AD, but the classification stage began differently and
gradually progressed until this classification was adopted، This stage began in 1868 AD.
Dinosaurs were then divided
into only two parts:
Carnivorous dinosaurs or
megalosaurids, and small bird-like or neat-jawed carnivorous dinosaurs
(Compsognathus).
In 1887, dinosaurs were
classified into two different parts:
Saurischia are characterized as
dinosaurs with troughs similar to ornithischia reptiles.They are characterized
as dinosaurs with troughs similar to birds, and a number of subspecies descend
from these two main sections، It
was also known at that time that there were two types of dinosaurs: carnivores
and plant-eaters, and thus a classification was known on another basis in the
same period.
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The stage of American
discoveries:
It was the stage of the initial
discoveries of dinosaurs in Europe, and after a while another stage of
discoveries began in North America, and the American Joseph Liddy began giving
many names to types of dinosaurs، However,
some of these names have disappeared because they are not based on compl
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Liddy studied and described
hadrosaurs, also known as the fold-billed dinosaur, as he thought they were
amphibians، The
Americans Cope and Marsh adopted a method of searching and excavating dinosaur
remains in arid, open places in vast deserts.
This method is considered one of the
very intelligent methods of research, and thus these two scientists became
pioneers in finding new dinosaurs, and giving each of them a distinctive name، This was followed by a number of
American efforts to discover other species in various locations, including the
efforts of Canon City.
Marsh's discoveries are a
representative group of the most important and prominent types of dinosaurs
deployed in the Mesozoic era.As for Cope's discoveries of dinosaurs, they were
less despite his distinguished achievements in the field of research and
excavation of fossils، He
also created a number of dinosaur names adopted until the present time, and
focused on searching rugged areas in eastern Montana.
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The stage of studying the
ancestors of dinosaurs:
Dinosaurs did not have known
ancestors during the first research and discovery journey, due to their radical
difference from other living organisms and even from other reptiles, as their
relationships are difficult to distinguish adequately، In addition, sources of information
were scarce and based on only the few available specimens, and some assumed that
they shared origins with crocodiles, and others believed that they should share
ancestors with birds.
ete
dinosaur skeletons.
All studies related to the ancestors of dinosaurs are merely assumptions that do not rely on a solid scientific basis, because determining this accurately requires knowing the first dinosaur ever and knowing the last dinosaur as well accurately، This may be impossible, as the dinosaur fossil record still contains many time gaps that cannot be explained yet, and thus it is not possible to provide an accurate gradual sequence in this regard.
Modern era stage :
The modern era includes many studies
and efforts that focus on classification and comparison of previously
discovered dinosaur species, and the search for new species is still ongoing، The efforts of scientists in this era
focus on analyzing and describing relationships.
Dinosaurs evolved to build a single
hierarchy for this animal, based on genetic analysis and specialized anatomical
studies, to reach a deeper understanding of the nature of dinosaur life.
Ancestors of dinosaurs :
Scientists have suggested sharing the origins between crocodiles and dinosaurs due to the convergence of shape and appearance,
Dinosaurs and crocodiles share
anatomically everything that follows:
Hollow teeth. Two-hole skull. An opening in the lower jaw. This proposal was later denied due to the
convergence of the time period in which both crocodiles and dinosaurs appeared,
and thus it cannot be said that crocodiles evolved from dinosaurs, or dinosaurs
evolved from them at all، Another
proposal was adopted, which best states that dinosaurs descend from Triassic
reptiles, namely extinct crocodiles and other flying reptiles, and birds are
also one of the products of the evolution of extinct dinosaurs.
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