Cow animal

 

Cow animal 

  It is one of the largest domestic animals in the world, and the adult female is usually given the name cow, while the adult male is called the bull, and the young male is called the calf, and the cow belongs to the artiodactyl family.

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Cow animal

 

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 It is a ruminant mammal that humans have been able to raise on farms because it is considered a huge animal wealth, as its meat, milk, and skin are used to make shoes and bags،  Gelatin, which is used in the manufacture of sweets and medicines, is produced from cows, and music tapes have also been produced from cow bones.  Cow fat has been used in soap making, and the land has been fertilized from cow dung.Dried dung is used for heating in the winter and in cooking stoves.It must be known that cows do not sleep while standing on their feet،  Rather, it extends on the ground on either side of it or keeps its chest high.Its sound is called bellowing, and the average lifespan of cows is from five to seven years.

 Where do cows live :

 Cows live alongside humans all over the world, especially India, China and Brazil.By 2016, the number of cow members had reached about 1 billion individuals, and they are economically considered one of the most important domestic animals،  The average lifespan of a cow is 26 years, and it often sleeps at night for only four hours a day.

 The cow belongs to the artiodactyl family, and is one of the largest domestic animals in the world.

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 What are the morphological characteristics of a cow animal:

  The cow belongs to the artiodactyls, which include a group of mammals that walk on four feet and have four cloven-toed hooves.In addition, the cow is a ruminant animal, such as antelope and goats،  In the following paragraphs, the most prominent morphological characteristics of the cow animal are.

  Color is one of the morphological characteristics of the cow animal, a characteristic that distinguishes colors.The colors of the cow animal vary according to its type.For example, the Hereford cow has a red body and a white head, while the body of the Charolais cow is white،  In addition, some white cows have a distinctive pattern of black spots, an example of which is the Bradford cow.The colors of some types of cow animals vary without following a specific fixed pattern،  Scientists are trying to use genetic modification to maintain a specific color for each species.

 Adult cows are characterized by the presence of thirty-two teeth, including twenty-four molars in the upper and lower jaws, and there are incisors in the lower jaw that are not found in the upper jaw.  This makes her unable to cut the grass, so she moves her head to help her uproot the grass.

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  Size :

 Size is one of the morphological characteristics of a cow animal, and the size of a cow animal varies depending on its type.In 2004, a study was conducted on 110 cows of nine different species،  It was found that the heaviest individual among them is a female, whom he called Aquitaine.Her height from the ground to the shoulders reaches 142.5 cm, while her height from the buttocks side reaches 146.6 cm،  Its length reached 151.5 cm.

  As for the limousine cow, it had larger buttocks compared to other species, as the length of the buttocks reached 47.4 cm and its width was 58.3 cm،  Finally, the Schaeffer cow was distinguished by the widest distance between its shoulders compared to the rest of the individuals, so the distance between its shoulders reached 52.9 cm.

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  Weight :

 Similar to the rest of the morphological characteristics of a cow animal, weight also varies depending on the type of cow animal.In general, the weight of a mature male cow can range from 450 to 1,800 kilograms،  While the weight of the female ranges from 360 to 1100 kilograms.  In the male example in the previous paragraph, the weight of the cow Aquitaine reached 638 kilograms.

  Male and female cow animals have horns, but they are short in some species, or non-existent in others.Sometimes cow breeders remove their horns when they are young،  In order not to cause injury to the rest of the herd, in contrast, some types of cow animals have very large horns, such as the African cow and the Texas longhorn cow.

  Various qualities :

 The cow animal is distinguished by many diverse characteristics, which include body color, weight and size, in addition to the difference in the horns of the cow animal according to its type.  What does a cow feed on?  The cow animal feeds on grass, whether in natural meadows or on farms that humans have prepared for it.In general, the cow animal is distinguished by many parts that help it eat its food،  The cow's food is grass, and it has 32 teeth in its mouth, which makes it able to tear the grass and grind it in its mouth.

  The cow is a ruminant animal, which means that the food goes to the stomach and is partially digested, then returns to the mouth and in this case it is called a ruminant،  The cow continues to tear the grass in its mouth and then swallow it again to complete the digestion process.  The cow's stomach is divided into four sections, and each section performs its own role as shown in the following points:

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  Crush:

 It contains a number of digestive bacteria, and the protein needed by the cow's body is absorbed, in addition to being the part where the ruminant begins to form.  Hood: It is also called the retina, and in this part any foreign objects that have entered the food are accidentally taken out, in addition to smoothing the grass in the shape of a ruminant to return again to the mouth،  Chew 40 to 60 times until swallowed properly.

  Umasom:

 In this part, all the food that the cow ate is filtered and prepared for the body to benefit from.

  Rennet:

  It is the fourth part of a cow's stomach, and is generally similar to the human stomach.In it, digestive juices are used to completely digest food, and then the digested food is directed to the intestines.

  The cow is a ruminant, and the animal's organs adapt to the nature of its eating of grass and how to turn it into a ruminant.

  What are the most prominent behaviors of cow animals:

  There are a group of behaviors that distinguish the cow animal from other animals, such as communication, reproduction, and the sound of the cow animal. 

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  Below are the most prominent characteristics of these behaviors:

 Communication:

The cow animal has amazing parental behavior.

When the young calf is born, the mother forms a bond with it from the first seconds, and when her young is taken from it, she begins to make some sounds that resemble a call،  Members of the cow herd communicate with each other using distinctive sound frequencies.

  The cow animal is very social, as it prefers to live within its herd, and just like humans, the cow animal can feel close to a certain number of cows،  While he feels hatred and grudges towards another group of cows, the cow also loves going out to pastures during the day, and sleeping next to the herd at night.

  The cow loves dealing with humans, and it was noted in one study that the female cow produces a greater amount of milk when a person treats her with tenderness and friendliness

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  Sound :

 The sound of a cow animal is called a bellow, and the cow uses its voice to communicate with its herd, as the mother calls her young using distinctive sound frequencies،  One of the information that astonished scientists during their study of the sound of a cow animal is that each pair of animals has distinct sound frequencies to call the husband when he is away.

  Scientists have also noticed many low sounds made by the mother when the young calf is next to her, as if they are chatting, and when the young man is away from his mother, the mother calls using the distinctive bellowing sound.

  During their ten-month study of the cow's sound, a team of researchers at the University of Nottingham noted that bellows also transmit information between herd members, and do not just mean phonetic indications of the importance of going or coming back.  

  Reproduction :

 The cow prefers moderate mating temperatures, as cold or low heat can reduce the reproductive rate, and it is often difficult for scientists to monitor the cow's first mating،  In addition, experts noted that raising a cow animal in large groups may reduce the mating rate, which is why it is more efficient to raise it in small groups that include a maximum of five individuals.

  The cow reproduces sexually "by birth," and the gestation period of the female cow varies according to the species.In general, the gestation period ranges between 279 and 287 days, and she gives birth to only one calf،  An adult female cow can become pregnant again after approximately 55 days under ideal conditions, and ideal conditions include an appropriate temperature, proper and complete nutrition, and a previous birth free of difficulties or problems.

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  Caring for children :

 After the birth of a baby cow, which is called a calf, it is important for him to breastfeed from his mother or any other newly born cow،  The first milk secreted by the mother immediately after birth is called colostrum milk, and colostrum includes many nutrients and immune compounds important for calf growth،  The calf continues to breastfeed from its mother for two weeks, at a rate of four to six divided meals during the day.

  After two weeks, weaning the calf gradually begins to reduce the number of daily meals while maintaining the same previous amount, and grass and fodder are placed in front of his eyes to encourage him to try it،  The calf is likely to be completely weaned in less than 16 weeks, and the mother by nature teaches this to her young, and in return the shepherd can do so in the mother's absence.

  The female cow takes care of her baby and trains him on how to deal with adult cows.On farms, it is recommended not to place the baby in a place far from his mother or in a place that includes a large number of adult cows other than his mother،  This is to gradually train him to handle them, and it is worth noting that the adult cow naturally watches the young to make sure they are playing in a safe way.

  The cow behaves socially with its herd, taking care of its young until it is able to rely on itself, in addition to the distinctive sound of the cow called the bellow.  What are the types of cow animals?  Cow animal species are generally divided into two parts, depending on the benefits of the cow animal.For example, some types of cow animals are chosen as ideal for the dairy industry, and they are called dairy cows،  While some other species are chosen to have healthy and delicious beef, they are called fleshy cows.

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